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《人教版初二上册英语知识点归纳》

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有用的知识才是真正的知识,知识的实用才有价值意义。智商的高低体现知识多少,情商的高低体现能力的大小,下面小编为大家带来初二上册英语知识点,希望大家喜欢!

初二上册英语知识点

句子成分和类型

1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。

2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。

3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。

4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等。

5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。

6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。

7.状语: 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。

8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.

你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。

(You是主语, should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)

This kind of food tastes delicious.

这种食物吃起来很可口。

(This kind of food是主语, tastes是系动词, delicious是表语。)

注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。

9.简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。

10.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

11.两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

一般疑问句

一、不用疑问词,但需要用yes或no回答的疑问句,叫一般疑问句。句末用问号“?”。

一般疑问句的基本用法及结构一般疑问句用于对某一情况提出疑问,通常可用yes和no来回答,读时用升调。其基本结构是“be / have / 助动词+主语+谓语(表语)”:

Is he interested in going? 他有兴趣去吗?

Have you ever been to Japan? 你到过日本吗?

Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒吗?

Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个?

二、陈述句变一般疑问句的方法

1.动词be的疑问式:动词be根据不同的时态和人称可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式,可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等),但不管何种情况,构成疑问式时,一律将动词be的适当形式置于句首:句型:Be动词+主语~?

Is your father angry?你父亲生气了吗?

Yes,he is.是的,他生气了。

No,he isn't.不,他没生气。

Were the babies crying last night?(进行时)

昨天晚上这些孩子们一直在哭吗?

Yes,they were.是的,他们在哭。

No,they weren't.不,他们没哭。

Is English spoken all over the world?(被动语态)

全世界都说英语吗?

Yes,it is.是的。

No,it isn't.不。

2.动词have的疑问式:动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have, has, had等形式,可以用作实意动词和助动词,分以下情况讨论:

①用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have, has, had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do, does, did:

Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么话要说吗?

Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必须这么早走吗?

Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他当时有朋友吗?

②用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do, does, did:

Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐吗?

Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?

③完成时的一般疑问句

句型:Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+~?

Have you known her since your childhood?

你从童年就认识她吗?

Yes,I have.是的。

No,I haven't.不。

过去完成时的一般疑问句

句型:Had +主语+动词的过去分词+~?

Had he learned about two thousand English

words before he came here?

他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗?

Yes,he had.是的。

No,he hadn't.不。

3.情态动词的疑问式:情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首:

句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形~?

Can you bring me some apples?

你能给我拿来些苹果吗?

Yes,I can.是的,可以。

No,I can't.不,不可以。

Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?

Must I finish the work at once? 我必须马上完成工作吗?

4.实意动词的疑问式:一般实意动词的疑问式,通常应根据不同时态和人称在句首加助动词do, does, did等:

句型:Do(Does,Did)+主语+动词原形~?

Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上学吗?

Does the boy like dancing? 这男孩喜欢唱歌吗?

Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了这部电影吗?

Did he do morning exercises yesterday?

昨天他做早操了吗?

Yes,he did.是的,他做了。

No,he didn't.不,他没做。

特殊疑问句

用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:

疑问代词:what,who,Which,whose,whom

疑问副词:when,where,why,how

疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词

一、疑问代词的用法

1.what引导的疑问句

此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。

A.对主语提问

What is in your pocket?

你口袋里有什么?

这个问题可以有两种回答:

a:There is an egg in it.

在口袋里有一个蛋。

b:An egg is(in it).

一个蛋(在里面)。

There are a lot of chairs in it.

=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。

注意

回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。

B.对宾语提问

What did you buy?你买了什么?

C.对表语提问

What is this?这是什么?

It's a bench.这是一条长凳。

What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?

2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句

此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。

Who broke the window?(对主语提问)

谁打破了窗户?

who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。

Li Ming did.李明打破的。

Who is that woman?(对表语提问)

那个女人是谁?

She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)

或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)

二、疑问形容词的用法

what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。

What sports do you like?(对宾语提问)

你喜欢什么运动?

I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。

Whose pens are these?(对表语提问)

这些是谁的钢笔?

They are Li Ming's.这些是李明的。

Whose father died two years ago?(对主语提问)

两年前谁的父亲死了?

Which picture did you take?(对宾语提问)

哪一张照片是你拍的?

I took the one on the right.

右边的那一张是我拍的。

三、疑问副词的用法

句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?

(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)

when引导的疑问句:询问时间

When were you born?你何时出生?

(I was born)on June 5,1962.

我是1962年6月5日出生的。

初二上册英语知识点整理

【重点短语】

1. have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛

2. fall ill 病倒了

3. be a little far from… 离……有点远

4. right away = at once 立刻;马上

5. miss a good chance 错过一个好机会

6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分

7. shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻

8. do one’s best 尽某人的力

9. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉

10. be sure to do sth. 确定做某事

11. be angry with… 生某人的气

12. with one’s help= with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下

13. serve food 上菜

14. turn up/down… 调高/低(音量)

15. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

16. in a minute 一分钟后;马上

17. on the phone 在电话中

18. take a seat 就坐

19. never mind 不要紧

20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行

初二上册英语知识点归纳

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

[语法解析]

不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意:

1. some和any +可数名/不可数名。some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些间句中用some,不用any,问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。

2.由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用第三单

3.不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如: somehing interesting

一、知识点:

1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth为某人买某物

2. taste + adj.尝起来....

3. nothing ..but + V. (原形)除了...外什么都没有

4. seem+ (tobe) + adj看起来

5.arrive in+大地方

arrive at+小地方到达某地

6. decide to do sth.决定做某事

7. try doing sth.尝试做某事

try to do sth.尽力做某事

8. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事

9. want to do sth.想去做某事

10. start doing sth.开始做某事=begin doing sth.

11. stop doing sth.停止做某事

区分: stop to do sth.停下来去做某事

dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事

14. so+ adj+ that +从句如...以至....

16. tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事

17. keep doing sth.继续做某事

18. forget to do sth.忘记去做某事

forget doing sth忘记做过某事

二、词语辨析:

1 、take a photo/ take photos拍照

quite a few+名词复数“许多..”

2、seeng[形容词看起来-.. You seem happy today.

to do sth.似乎、好像做某事

I seem to have a cold

It seems +从句似-. It seems that no one believe you.

seem like -.好像,似乎... It seems like a good idea,

3、 { arive in +大地点,= gtto= reach+地点名“到达..

arrive at +小地点

(注:若后跟地点副词here/therehome,介词需省略,如: arive here; get home)

4. feel like sth/ doing sth.感觉像是...

5. wonder“想知道”,+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。

because of +名/代/-ing

Because+从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。

He can’t take a walk because of the rain.

1 don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.

7.enough +名词:“足够..”

形容词/副词+enough

Unit2 How often do you exercise?

[语法解析]

1.频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never

频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前,be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态

2.“次数”的表达方法

一次once,两次twice,三次或三次以上用基数词+ times, three times,five times

3、howoften “多久- -次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。

常见的how疑问词:

1) How soo多久(以后)

- How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?

- He will be back in a month.他一个月后能回来。

eg.-How long did it take you to clean the house?你打扫房子用了多久?

- -It took me half an hour to clean the house.我打扫这房子用了半小时。

3) How many+名复How much+不可名“多少”问数量(how much还可问价格)二知识点: .

1. go to the movies去看电影

2. look after= take care of照顾

3. surf the internet.上网

4. healthy ifestyle健康的生活方式

5. go skate boarding去划板

6. keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康

7. eatina habits饮食习惯

8. take more exercise做更多的运动

9. thesameas与什么相同

10. be dfertfrom不同

11. oncea month一月一次

12. twice a week一周两次

13.make a dfference to对什么有影响

14. most of the students=most student

15. shop=qo shopping=do some

17. bebadfor对什么有害some shopping

购物16.begoodfor对什么有益18. come home from school放学回家

19.of course = certainly= sure当然

20. get g0 grades取得好成绩

21. keepbe in good hea

22. take a vacation去度假于成项

[词语辨析]

一、maybe/may be

1. The baby is crying,_____she is hungry.

2. The woman _____ _____a teacher.

maybe是副词,意为“大概,可能,或许”,一般用于句首。 May be是情态动词,意为可能是.,也许是..,.大概是..

3.a few/few/a little /little

①________people can live to 100,but_________people can live to 150.

②There is____time left, I dont catch the first bus.

③Could you give me_______milk?

a few少数的,几个,

a little(点儿少量)表示肯定

few很少的,几乎没有

little (很少的,几乎没有)表示否定

hard / hardly

① The ground is too______ to dig .

②I can understand them.

③ hard作形容词,意为困难的,艰苦的,硬的":作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地"。

Hardly意为几乎不"。

4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .

as for...意思是“至于:关于",+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。

As for him, I never want to see him here.至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。

As for the story, youd better not believeit.关于那故事,你最好不要相信。

5.That sounds interesting.

这是"主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound (听起来),loo (看起来),smell(闻起来),taste (尝起来),feel (觉得),seem (好象),grow (变得) ,get

(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:

It tastes good.这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。

2. Be about (介词)“是关..+名/代/V-ing

4.Here be is+名单:Here is a photo of my family.

“这是..”are +名复:Here are some books.

5.find(found)+that从句:发现....

Eg:! found that most students go to school by bike.

6.percent名词,百分之....

百分数用基数+ perent (不用复数形式), percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定

e.g. 50% fifty percent百分之五十

Fifly percent of the apples are bad.

50%的苹果都坏了。

Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge.

20%的`肉都在冰箱

7.not ..…at all"一点也不”

not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

The story isnt interesting at all.

那个故事一点也没有趣。

8. It is+ adj. to do sth.干某事是.....

例如:It is interesting to play computer games.玩电脑很有趣。

9.the best way to do _sth.做某事的最好方式

e.g. The best way to learmn English is through more practice

10. take, spend, pay

It takes sb.sometime to do sth.“花费某人多少时间来做某事"。

人(sb.) spend时间钱on sth.“买某物花了...钱”。

(in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。

pay的主语必须是人,而“花钱买某物”为pay .. for

11.however副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末

Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.

[语法解析]形容词比较级

1.形容词的原形就是原级,

2.比较级,表示........最高级,表示最...

2.比较句型:A+be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B“A比B .... (注意: A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)副词比较级常用的句型结构:

.“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B...

2.比较A,B两人两事物问其中哪- -个较..时用句型;

“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,Aor B ?”

Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?

△特殊用法

1.“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用more and more+原级

2.“the+比较级(..).. the+比较级(..)"意思是:”越..越.."The more, the better.

3.主isthe形比+of the two+名复“主语是两者中..”

4.两者在某一方面相同: A+谓语动词+as+ adj/adv.原级+ as+ B.

Helen is as tall as Amy.

Peter studies as hard as Tom.

表示两者在某一方面不及另-方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as"

Eg. I am not as tall as my sister.

形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。

当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a lttle, a bit,等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。

二、知识点

1.have fun=Have a good time玩得开心

have fun doing sth :做某事很开心

2. do the same things as me.

(翻译)______________________

the same ..as...与……相同

3. A good fried is good at sports. (翻译) be good at.……擅长……… ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。同义词组: do well in

He_______English.(他擅长英语)

Im______basketall.(我擅长打篮球)

4. care about关心

care for关爱

take care (当/小心)

take care of (照顾)=look after

5.makes me laugh.

make sb. do sth.意为:让某人做某事

His father always makes him get up before five o clock.(他父亲总是让他五点前起床)

让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)

make sb. +形容词:使某人保持某种状态:

e.g. My friends always make me happy

6.be like"就像.."→

I am like your sister.

Look like“外貌上的像”→

l look like my sister.

7.Thats why+句子:那就...的原因/那就是为什么...

8.Its+形+ (for sb.) to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是... ”

9. make frends with sb.与某人交朋友

10. as long as只要:既然,引导条件状语从句

11. be different from与....不同;

反: be the same as与....相国

12.though① adv:不过:可是:然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)

②conj.虽然;尽管: -although与but不能同时用在一个句子中

eg :He said he would come, he didnt, though.他说他要来,可是并没有来。

Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他

13.get better grades取得更好的成绩

14.does(助动词do/did),为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。

I work harder than Tom___ (is/do/does/did).

15.be good with sb.与某人相处得好

Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?

[语法解析]

1)形容词最高级:用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。

2)标志词:表比较范围时用in/of

形容词最高级前须加定冠词the.副词最高级前可省略the。

表示“三者(或三者以上)中...的"的句型

1.A+ be+ the形容词最较级+表示范围(in/of介词短语)

2.A+实意动词+ (the)副词最高级+表示范围的of/in介词短语

常用句式:

1) Who/ Which...+最高级.., B or C?

2) one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式,意为“最..…之一”。

3)序数词后跟形容词最高级

二、知识点.

1、in town在镇上

2、welcome to+地名:欢迎来到......

3、How do you like +名/代/ving

“你认为..…怎么样?”

=What do you think of

4、Thanks for

=Thank you for +名/代V-ing:为……感谢..

5.不客气:

No problem= You re welcome =Not at all.

6.talent n.天赋

talent show才艺表演

talented adj.有天赋的

be talented in在……方面有天赋

7. be good at擅长..(= do well in)反义短语: be poor/ weak in在...方面弱;

be good for .....益”,后跟人或事物,

其反义短语是be bad for.

be good to ....好(和善;慈爱)",相当于

be friendly to,后面通常接人

8. have ... in common有相同特征; (想法、兴趣等方面)相同

9. all kinds of各种类型的;各种各样的

different kinds of不同种类的

a kind of一种...

__kind of+形容词:有点儿……

kind of boring / fat /thin

10. Its up to sb. to do sth.

做某事是某人的职责

11. make up编造(故事、谎言等)

Dont make up a story.

12. take ... seriously认真对待....

Dont take it so seriously.

别把这件事看得这么严重。

13. play a role in doing sth.

“在...中发挥作用/扮演角色”

14. win动--won:贏得+奖品

winner名:贏者

15. give→gave(过)

give sb. sth= give sth. tosb.给某人某物

He gave me some money.

= He gave some money to me.

16.watch sb. do sth.观看某人做了某事.

watch sb.doing sth.观看某人正在做某事

17.举例: like:可和such as互换.

such as:常列举几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on(等等)连用

for example:一般只列举一个,作插入语用逗号隔开,可置于句首/向中向末;

e.g.l like fruits,apples. for example,apples, bananas and pears.

Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?

[语法解析]

1.询问某人对某物的观点及看法:

What do you think of ..

=How do you like...

2.描述喜好

I love/ like/ dont mind/dislike/cant stand. .

〈复习巩固一般现在时态:主语+V+其他;主语(三单) +V(三单)+(其他)知识点〉

want+n想.....

want to do sth想要做某事

want sb to do sth想让某人干某.....

2.mind:介意;其后+名词/代词/V-ing

4.stand

1)“站,站立”e.g. Stand up!起立

2)“忍受”(多用于否定句、疑问句),后可+名/代或V-ing

5.planvt. & vi计划,打算

plan to do sth.

plan还可作名词,如: make plans制定计划

6.动词discuss (讨论) + ion→discussion

had a discussion about sth.

7. happenv.发生;出现

sth+ happens to sb."或“Sth happened +时间/地点"句式

8.情态动词: may:语气弱于can,意为“可能”

might表推测,语气最弱,意为“可能”

may/might not表示否定推测时语气最弱,意为“可能不”

They may not be very exciting.她们可能不是那么令人兴奋

9.expect to do sth.期盼做某事

hope to do sth.希望干某事

很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:

want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask

10.be famous as +职业名“作为.....而出名”,

be famous for sth.表示“以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名”,

11.one of .….

后跟可数名词复数,表示..之一。其后的谓语动词用单数。

e.g. One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean.我最喜欢的电影之-是憨豆先生。

12.always ready to do sh,“总是准备好做某事

13.try ones best“尽力;竭尽全力”的意思

14.show名词: “节目”:

TV shows/ talent shows

动:“展示”show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth.

15.take ones place代替;替换

16. do a good job干得好

Unit6 Im going to study computer science.

[语法解析]

1.将来时用于表示未来将做的事,常用

"be + going to+动词原形”来表达,表示计划或根据某些现象或征兆预测不久即将发生的情。含有“打算"之意。常与tomorrow, next Sunday, next month, thed ay after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用。

1).结构“主语+ beisam/are) going to + do sth"

2).否定式:主语+ be not+ going to do sth.

二、知识点

1. want to be/become + (职业)名词: “想要成为...

l want to be (be) a scientist when I grow up.

2.write stories写故事

tell stories讲故事

3. keep on doing sth继续做某事(表动作的反复)

keeping doing sth.保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)

4:be sure about +名/代V-ing"肯定"

-- Are you sure about that?

make sure (a)…..确保

Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out

5. leanr sth.

We must learn English every day.

6.discuss v.讨论;商量

名词是dscussion

discuss with sb.与某人讨论:

Discuss this question with your partner.

Lets discuss this problem.让我们讨论一下这个问题。

All we need now is action, not dscussion.我们现在需要的是行动,不是讨论。

7. be able to do sth能够做某事

区分(1) can: can+动词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于将来时

be ableto +动原,有人称和数的变化。 (be:isam/are)可用于多种时态

(2) can常指客观上能够: be able to更侧重于“克服一定困难” 、“经过努力” 、“有能力”做成某事。

He will be able to(能够) speak English next year. (在此不能填can)

8. promise n.承诺:诺言

v.许诺:承诺:答应

make a promise(to sb.)(对某人)许下诺言

keep a promise遵守诺言

break a promise违背诺言

promise sb to do sth.许诺某人干某事

+that从句

He promised to help me.他许诺过要帮助我。

I promised that I study hard from now on.我承诺从现在起努力学习。

9.have to do with关于;有关系

The book has to do with computers.

那本书与计算机有关。

10.take up sth. (尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做

l am going to take up coking nex year.明年我将要学煮饭。

11.Sometimes the resolutions may be too dfficult to keep.

too+形容词/副词to+动原,表示太…...而不能...”如: .

The kid is too young to play (play) this game.这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。

12. ones own+名“某人自己的东西”,强调某物为个人所有

My own book我自己的书本


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